Past giving patterns suggest such a lifeline is unlikely. The United States was the world’s largest single funder of foreign aid, and neither other governments nor private foundations are in position to fill the gap, according to program executives, aid researchers and nonprofit workers.

Johns Hopkins University announced Thursday that it will be cutting more than 2,000 jobs after it lost $800 million in funding from the US Agency for International Development amid the Trump administration's effort to significantly downsize the federal government.