Asking what existed before the Big Bang is often dismissed as meaningless, since traditional physics breaks down when pushed ...

This is an extreme scenario for which it is impossible to solve Einstein's equations with paper and pen alone—sophisticated computer code and numerical approximations are required.

It is now possible to improve the precision of well survey calculations by order of magnitude with numerical approximation.

Abstract. Numerical approximations to the solution of a linear singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion problem are generated using a backward Euler method in time and an upwinded finite ...

This is an extreme scenario for which it is impossible to solve Einstein's equations with paper and pen alone-sophisticated computer code and numerical approximations are required.

KAÏS AMMARI, CARLOS CASTRO, NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION OF THE BEST DECAY RATE FOR SOME DISSIPATIVE SYSTEMS, SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, Vol. 57, No. 2 (2019), pp. 681-701 ...