The study of traffic flow dynamics and modelling represents a cornerstone of modern transport engineering, integrating theoretical formulations with practical applications to mitigate congestion, ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In this paper, we propose a simple fully discrete hybrid model for vehicular traffic flow, for which both the macroscopic and the microscopic ...

Vehicular emissions, being a major global health concern, have gathered worldwide attention and necessitated extensive research to gain deeper insights. The aim of this study was to estimate the ...