Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of ...

An investment’s “expected return” is a critical number, but in theory it is fairly simple: It is the total amount of money you can expect to gain or lose on an investment with a predictable rate of ...

When reviewing cash flow data for your small business, knowing the standard deviation can help you determine if the numbers are out of whack. Calculating standard deviation manually can be ...

Rate of return and standard deviation are two of the most useful statistical concepts in business. These two figures will tell you whether a business project is worth the investment and trouble, given ...

Use the Sharpe ratio to evaluate an asset's risk vs. return Yarilet Perez is an experienced multimedia journalist and fact-checker with a Master of Science in Journalism. She has worked in multiple ...

Volatility is troublesome for many investors. Value changes in your stocks, your portfolio, or an index can keep you up at night -- or worse, push you to make emotional decisions you later regret.

Investing can be complicated with many moving parts, but modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a valuable tool to piece them together efficiently. If you've ever wondered how to construct a well-balanced ...

An investment’s “expected return” is a critical number, but in theory it is fairly simple: It is the total amount of money you can expect to gain or lose on an investment with a predictable rate of ...