Conjugate gradient methods form a class of iterative algorithms that are highly effective for solving large‐scale unconstrained optimisation problems.

Although its implementation is generally simple, the EM algorithm often exhibits slow convergence and is costly in some areas of application. Past attempts to accelerate the EM algorithm have most ...

Abdulkarim Hassan Ibrahim, Poom Kumam, Auwal Bala Abubakar, Jamilu Abubakar, Jewaidu Rilwan, Guash Haile Taddele, Derivative-Free MLSCD Conjugate Gradient Method for Sparse Signal and Image ...