Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) extend classical differential equations by incorporating uncertainty through fuzzy numbers. This mathematical framework is particularly valuable for modelling ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Journal Information This journal, begun in 1943 as Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation, publishes original articles on all aspects of ...

The complex-step method is a clever way of obtaining a numerical approximation to the first derivative of a function, avoiding the round-off error that plagues ...

Fourier analysis and numerical methods have long played a pivotal role in the solution of differential equations across science and engineering. By decomposing complex functions into sums of ...